Hispanic and Latino Americans and Market Segment Research

Multiple Choice Questions 1. Key aspects of Proctor Gambles My Black is Beautiful campaign included ____. A. a 12-page advertorial in Essence magazine B. a My Black is Beautiful conversation tour in various U.S. locations C. a web site that provides a forum for discussion and provides ongoing initiatives information D. grants to community-based organizations related to health and education of black women E. all of the above 2. A segment of a larger culture whose members share distinguishing values and patterns of behavior is known as a(n) _____. A) market segment B) subculture C) ethnic group D) reference group E) subgroup Answer: B Page: 158 Difficulty: moderate 3. Many companies develop†¦show more content†¦Compared to the white population, African Americans tend to _____. A) be younger B) be higher educated C) have a higher household income D) be a larger subculture E) all of the above Answer: A Page: 163 Difficulty: moderate 20. Which of the following is a segment of the African American market identified by Market Segment Research? A) Contented B) Upwardly Mobile C) Living for the Moment D) Living Day to Day E) all of the above Answer: E Page: 164 Difficulty: easy 21. Which segment of the African American market identified by Market Segment Research is mature and content with life, tends to be followers not leaders, and are not status conscious? A) Contented æ » ¡Ã¨ ¶ ³Ã§Å¡â€ž B) Upwardly Mobile C) Living for the Moment D) Living Day to Day E) Healthy Indulger Answer: A Page: 164 Difficulty: moderate 22. Timothy is a 54 year old African American consumer that is content with his life. He prefers to be a follower rather than a leader and is not status conscious. To which segment of the African American market identified by Market Segment Research would Timothy belong? A) Contented B) Upwardly Mobile C) Living for the Moment D) Living Day to Day E) Healthy Indulger Answer: A Page: 164 Difficulty: moderate 23. Which segment of the African American market identified by Market Segment Research is composed of active, status-consciousShow MoreRelatedThe Latino And Latino Culture Health Care1397 Words   |  6 Pagesnearly one person out of every six living in the United States will be of Hispanic/Latino origin (Selig Center Multicultural Economy Report, 2006). The Hispanic community in the largest minority in the USA and the fastest growing, it is also one with a high incidence of preventable diseases such as Diabetes, periodontitis, colorectal cancer and HIV. Obesity and teen age pregnancy are significantly more prevalent in Hispanic/Latino population as well. Rate of vaccination is also below that of the majorityRead MoreJohn Deere Brand Analysis1638 Words   |  7 Pagestraditionally Caucasian males. The paper considers the brand personality of John Deere and the different characteristics of the three new segments and identifies areas of opportunities. It includes recommendations on the changes that John Deere could make in its marketing mix to be a preferred premium brand that represents quality, innovation, and prestige, among these new segments. Brand personality of John Deere John Deere has a strong brand name, with 180 years of quality products, innovation and consumerRead MoreThe Latino Culture Health Care1068 Words   |  5 PagesThe Hispanic community is the largest minority in the USA and the fastest growing, It is also one with a high incidence of preventable diseases such as diabetes, periodontitis, colorectal cancer and HIV. Obesity and teenage pregnancy are significantly more prevalent in Hispanic population as well. (Crowie, 1989) Reasons for this discrepancy are many and varied, so different and varied approaches will be needed. Addressing their health care makes good public health and economic sense. In the HispanicRead More Executive Summary of the Hispanic Market Essay4353 Words   |  18 Pages Executive Summary of the Hispanic Market â€Å"Latinos are changing the way the country looks, feels, and thinks, eats, dances, and votes. From teeming immigrant meccas to small-town America, they are filling churches, building businesses, and celebrating this Latin heritage.... In America, a country that constantly redefines itself, the rise of Latinos also raises questions about race, identity, and culture – and whether the United States will ever truly be one nation.† (Larmer, pg. 50) ThisRead MoreMarketing Involving Hispanic Americans and the Internet Essay2878 Words   |  12 PagesThe Hispanic-American culture in the United States is becoming increasingly important in marketing and consumer behavior. This segment has different preferences, values and attitudes towards a variety of products than average United States consumer. The Hispanic population in America is the fastest growing, not only the largest minority population now, but their collective purchasing power exceeds $400 billion (Mongrain). In conjunction with this, the internet has also proven to be a vital marketingRead MoreCreating A New Spanglish Media Culture Essay1204 Words   |  5 PagesService, 63% of Hispanic adults own a smartphone versus 60% of non-Hispanics (Fetto, 2014). According to the PWC Consumer Intelligence series, not only are Hispanics the fastest growing minority in the US, they also have the greatest purchasing power of any US ethnic group. For mobile companies, Hispanics represent outstanding growth opportunities (Bothun Lieberman, 2014). Mobile companies use commercials to advertise and connect with the everyday customer. Knowing that Hispanic customers watchRead MoreWhat Is The Size Of The Segment / S? Essay1088 Words   |  5 Pages2. What is the size of the segment/s (e.g. how many people)? Target segments Number of people As % Segment of Lifestyle 5000 70% Segment of Interest 5000 80% Segment of Age 5000 60% 3. What is the segment/s growth rate? Segment of Lifestylegrowth rate as 70%. Segment of Interestgrowth rate as 80%. Segment of Agegrowth rate as 60%. 4. What are the main consumer needs in relation to the product? Consumer needs Explanation Preference A marketing term meaning a consumer likes one thing over anotherRead MoreHerbal Remedy Use By Latino Immigrant1929 Words   |  8 Pages Herbal Remedy Use by Latino Immigrant to the United States John Williams April 23, 2016 Cultural Competence in Healthcare Erin Stegall â€Æ' Introduction The members of the largest ethnic group being granted legal permanent residence in the United States are from Mexico. According the 2010 census 16.3% of the population of the United States is Latino (Spector, 2013). The Latino population will increase to 30 % of the total population by the year 2050 based on current projections (Juckett, 2013)Read MoreCracker Barrel3944 Words   |  16 Pagesreasonable prices 5-10 dollars a meal. Credit cards and checks are accepted. The restaurant is wheelchair and handicap accessible. Cracker Barrel s growth had come close to a stand still. They were not reaching all of their possible target markets. A change was needed and made. Marketing of Cracker Barrel Old Country Store has been done for many years mainly by billboards and radio advertising. This was great for the impulsive meal consumer and loyal customers. Although select TV spots hadRead MoreSpecialty Retail Industry1901 Words   |  8 PagesIndustry Overview Some 400,000 specialty retail stores operate in the US with combined annual sales of $350 billion CAGR 2002-06: 5% Market is dominated by large players like Best Buy, Toys â€Å"R† Us, Gap, Sports Authority, etc The market size of some major product categories: o Shoes and clothing - $125 billion o Electronics and appliances - $85 billion o Jewelry - $25 billion o Sporting goods - $25 billion o Books - $25 billion Other categories include Toys, Music, Luggage,

Modern Marriage Trend Marriage - 992 Words

Modern Marriage Trend In the recent decades, the marriage trends have been gradually transforming. The image of marriage these days might be completely different from that of before. At present, people have become more invested in getting to fulfill emotional needs from marriage. In For Better, For Worse: Marriage means Something Different Now, Stephanie Coontz explains that marriage is no longer a means to control sexuality, parenting or division of labor between men and women; the focus is shifted to love. As a result, instability of marriage may arise. Moreover, people would rather remain single or get divorce solely based on love. She argues that living together has also become a popular alternative to traditional marriage. Coontz believes that increased participation of women in the labor force and education has slowed down marriage. She reports that many countries are also adjusting laws for divorce people, unmarried couples with children and same-sex couples. Coontz argues that promoting traditional values may no longer be enough to restore the importance of marriage. She rejects that easier access to divorce harms marriage, arguing that people are not enthusiastic to give up their rights. Coontz concludes that marriage has evolved for better or worse and people need to accept the reality. As Coontz has explained, many people preferences in marriage have changed, but some of these changes might cost more harm than the benefits it brings. In fact, the mostShow MoreRelatedThe trend of marriage in the modern society1236 Words   |  5 Pages The trend of marriage in the modern society The meaning of marriage differs from one person to another, and from one time to another. In ancient times, for example, a marriage meant a condition in which the legal union of a man and a woman as husband and wife. For much of human history, marriage had been a permanent institution that, once entered into, cannot be dissolved except by the death of one of the spouses. In the modern world, however, marriage is a vastly different thing. On the up sideRead MoreTrends in Family Formation Supporting Same Sex Marriage 1193 Words   |  5 PagesTrends in family formation are crucial in determining the kind of families that will exist in future generations. It is fact that the father- mother kind of families that have existed for many generations maintained over the years due to the belief that they were the ideal type of family set up. However, the trends in family formation today are changing as a growing number of families are experiencing several challenges such as divorce, single p arent situations, financial problems, legal battlesRead MoreMarriage Is The Legal Or Officialising Process913 Words   |  4 PagesMarriage is an institution that ages back to ancient societies. It offered a secure environment and legal benefits to facilitate the granting of property rights. Marriage is the legal or officialising process by which two people under go to be recognized publicly and by law .It is the joining  of two people in a bond that relatively lasts until death,  but in practice is increasingly cut short by divorce .Marriage allows a couple to have a stable relationship that is recognized by the state and byRead MoreFeminist Making A Great Change For The Family936 Words   |  4 Pagesstatus and thinking style has dramatic change compare to different eras. Author s objective is let people understand that pros and cons of feminism families in the study, and also use horizontal and vertical analysis the survey data to treat feminist trend critically. The author particularly considers about several aspects that are accomplish feminist change family style in different eras. In 1970~80s, female were suffering gender inequality in common nuclear families and also do household fullRead MoreMarriage Is An Institution That Is Important1455 Words   |  6 Pages Marriage is an institution that is very sacred to many people in the world as well as an old institution. Therefore ideas about marriage have changed throughout the years as well as ideas about sex and gender, for these concepts have been notoriously linked and effect one another’s evolution. The Eighteenth Century marked a period of changing attitudes of marriage and therefore sex and gender. For centuries before this period, the Catholic Church dominated the domain of marriage, controlling theRead MoreMarriage; a familiar concept that has existed since ancient societies, has not always been the same1300 Words   |  6 PagesMarriage; a familiar concept that has existed since ancient societies, has not always been the same concept modern society deems it to be. We, in modern days, seem to instantaneously link love to marriage because it is a tradition that has been passed down to us from previous generations. Even though today we accustom love with marriage because that is how it is perceived, for most of human history, marriage was not exactly the â€Å"traditional tradition† as it is now. Though marriage in modern societyRead MoreThe Divorce Rate Of Divorce1123 Words   |  5 Pagesall over the world have determined to live together, which is called â€Å"get marriage† in another word, so that they depend on for living each other. Nevertheless, some couples are unable to maintain their relationship, therefore they choose divorce, which is one of the solutions to cope with problems between husband and wife. Furthermore, most people think carefully before they get marriage. However, the divorce rates trend to continually increase nowadays, thus it might be argued that divorces canRead MoreThe Evolution Of The American Family Essay1249 Words   |  5 PagesAmerican family? What are the changes? I will discuss the differences in marriage and family, I will discuss how they are linked to class, race, gender, and personal choices. The purpose of this study is to explore the many different family functions and the paths that people are now choosing. I will give my o pinion on whether these changes have had a positive or negative affect. I will finally discuss the trend of the modern family, back to pre-World War II family structure, how would that effectRead MoreThe Decline Of The Family941 Words   |  4 Pagesit is essential to take seriously what is happening to the family. Is the American family in decline, and if so what should be done about it? â€Å"Traditionally, family has been defined as a unit made up of two or more people who are related by blood, marriage, or adoption: live together; form an economic unit, and bear and raise children (Benokraitis, 3).† The definition of decline is to â€Å"fail in strength, vigor, character, value, deteriorate, slant downward.† The traditional nuclear family consistsRead MoreThe End Of The Traditional Family Era928 Words   |  4 Pageslonger sought after as modern families have evolved to incorporate diversity and acceptance into the household structure. In present-day, the majo rity of households encompass non-traditional families, accordion families, divorce, and modern technology. Traditional families have been thought to consist of a heterosexual male and female joined together in marriage. However in modern society, the terms marriage and family are not limited to a specific definition. Gay marriages have led the revolution

The Sound of Writing Free Essays

I was staring at empty space. I tried to look for the fixed contours on the paper and the silhouette of the pen I was holding. I tried but to no avail. We will write a custom essay sample on The Sound of Writing or any similar topic only for you Order Now My mind was swimming in an endless array of uneasiness. I was not certain whether I was dreaming or already awake. This was hard, I told myself. I felt a drop of sweat trickling down my cheek. Thomas Edison once said that genius is one percent inspiration and ninety-nine percent perspiration. If he was right then I was on the right track. But doubt was slowly lurking and creeping around me. Was it really this hard to be inspired to write? I just comforted myself by constantly saying what Jean Anouilh once said, that inspiration was a farce that poets had invented to give themselves importance. When I was starting to become a writer, I was not even aware that I was trying to be one. Grade school for me was seventy percent playing and thirty percent dreaming. And my dreams during that time were all about winning an Academy Award or being named as one of the sexiest people in the world. Becoming the next president was also in my mind. But the thought of being a writer was like imagining myself eating salad with an alien in a crater of a moon in one of the planets in the Andromeda galaxy; it never crossed my mind. In a nutshell, when I tried to analyze how I was as a writer in grade school, all I could say was that I was a courageously idiotic writer. An idiot, but brave nonetheless. This was largely due to the fact that everything I had written at that time was not even close to being brilliant or great. All the words I wrote were simply inspired by having the guts to just do it. If there was a paper too difficult to do and a word too hard to define, all I did was to write and write because I believed that everything would be just fine. I was stupid enough to go forth while all hell broke loose and still smiled at the end of the day. I was guided by my own foolish belief I was brave simply because I would not back away. This was writing for me in grade school. Writing for me back then was not about being witty or being brilliant. Writing was all about just stroking my pen without regret and without regard for the outcome. However, in a sense, everyone who attempted to write had some ounce of courage. I felt that I was a better writer than the other students not because I wrote well but rather, I wrote braver. And I was braver longer than most. As Ronald Reagan once mentioned, heroes were not braver than anyone else. They were just braver five minutes longer. As I made the transition from grade school to high school, I started to become idealistic. I began having these grand notions of changing the world and eradicating poverty. I was dreaming of winning the Nobel Peace Prize or be named the next Time Magazine’s Person of the Year. This time, I was absolutely clear in becoming a writer. Writing for me during high school was all about greatness. I felt the need to write to impress. I wanted to be witty and brilliant. I wanted everybody to be mesmerized in reading every single word I wrote. When I tried to look back during those days, even when I wrote poorly, I blindly presented my written work of art full of hubris and unafraid. I often compared writing to boxing. As Muhammad Ali would say, to be a great champion, a person had to believe that he was the best. If he was not, he should pretend that he was. This was me in high school. I was the writer who was so full of himself. If a teacher or a classmate did not like what I wrote, I simply told myself that these people did not understand the high level of writing I was doing. I understood myself to be a brilliant and confident writer. In reality, compared to who I was as a writer in grade school, only one thing had changed. If I was a brave and idiotic back then, I was not confident but just cocky in high school. And to my realization, I was still stupid for thinking of how great I was. When I stepped into college, a renewed vigour was awakened within me. Maybe I got too tired of being cocky and stupid that I started seeing a new side of me I never saw I had. This time I believed I had transcended from being the good and the better man to the being best man. I was no longer the idiot and stupid writer. I was filled with excitement. I was now the fool. Somehow, the words and lines I were using suddenly all sounded a bit poetic and romantic. I often pondered if I was to be the next William Shakespeare. This time, I was inspired by the others that had gone before me. I wanted to sway the hearts and minds of people with my writing. I wanted to invoke their deepest darkest secrets through my words. I wanted to encapsulate each soul with a stroke of my pen. I longed to see their tears and hear their laughs by my artistry in poetry. I would be that whom which T. S. Eliot described as the genuine poet who could communicate his words before it was understood. And to my shock, I did see their tears and heard their laughs because of what I had written. I saw my professors crying in pain because they could not even bear one more word of my work. I heard laughs not because I was funny, but because my work was hilarious. Despite this, I still continued and persevered. As one of my favourite authors, Richard Bach, would say, a professional writer was an amateur who did not quit. Everything was a bit different after that. Somehow, until to this very day, I would still be idiotic, stupid and foolish. But this time around, I was a wise fool at the least. I had been quoting Edison, Anouilh, Ali, Reagan and Eliot just to name a few thinking that by using their words, I would be a good writer; I would sound better. But I soon realized that writing was about finding my voice. I needed to find my own words. Writing was about knowing and understanding who I was. Thus, I resolved to search for the right words, the right imagery, the right tone and the right sound. However, I always asked myself if there were indeed such things. Then, it hit me. I was so concerned with the way I was writing that I forgot to find my purpose for it. Why did I want to become a writer? The answer was simple. It was because in writing, I offered who I was and not what I had. That sounded right, I told myself. It sounded just about right. How to cite The Sound of Writing, Essay examples

Of Mice and Men Book †Movie Review Essay Sample free essay sample

Of Mice and Men. a dramatic narrative of friendly relationship. dreams that are neer to come true and tough work forces. who seek love and attending in their suffering lives. In his novel. John Steinback throws the ugly truth heterosexual at us. Life wasn’t easy in the 1930. there is no manner to force this out of the manner. It wasn’t easy for the rich. wasn’t easy for the hapless. But hope dies last. and George Milton. together with Lennie Small are a great illustration of this. The narrative takes topographic point during the great depression. a clip when everyone wanted to populate the American Dream. but cipher got to. There are many of import subjects and thoughts portrayed in the book. and by and large. both the film and the book follow the same plotline. However there are some noteworthy differences in the dramatic scenes. characters and even subjects. We will write a custom essay sample on Of Mice and Men Book – Movie Review Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The secret plan of the film and the book is by and large the same. nevertheless some important scenes from the book are losing from the film. An illustration of this could be the scene of Lennie and Candy acquiring to run into Crooks. He opens up in forepart of so. he tells so how abused and hurt he was all his life. and as he says that Curleys married woman comes in. The work forces make it clear that she isn’t wanted at that place. and in response she reminds Criminals that worthless and stupe is how people see him in this state. She tells him how easy she could acquire him hung with merely a twosome of prevarications. This scene supports one of the chief subjects of the narrative. which is racism and the American Dream. that could neer be reached in such a society. The whole event helps us portray Curley’s married woman better every bit good. because since the beginning of the book she seems so sweet. and here we get to see what’s concealed deep underneath her ‘poor small me’ mask. The beginning of the film has a twosome minor errors. but overall it’s alright. It is different in the book. but it is really affectional and lets us cognize what the film is approximately. The biggest defect of the film was likely the stoping. which was far excessively sudden and barbarous. In the novel the reader could truly see George’s tactic is to do Lennie conceive of their hereafter on the spread. and so kill him really all of a sudden so that he takes that one last vision with him. He wants Lennie to decease merrily. in a manner. It the film he looks as if he can’t delay to kill him. he seems fed up and without vacillation he decides to kill Lennie before he even gets the full image of the spread into his head. Overall after the film the spectator is left inquiring what merely happened. In the novel the narrative takes topographic point in California. and the film has a great advantage of being able to movie at that place. Overall the scenes aren’t really of import to the general secret plan therefore the minor differences and errors found in the film aren’t really important. One of these differences is the bunkhouse. which in the novel is portrayed as a much more crowded and damaged by all the old dwellers. country. In the film it looked to broad and glorious. and as a consequence the spectator didn’t realize that these aliens. who had no thought what friendly relationship and intimacy are. were pushed together so much and forced to be with each other without really acquiring any feelings involved. Besides at the really get downing the boss’s office seems to be a small off. and excessively old fashioned and neat for the proprietor of a spread. The film does a really good occupation of demoing the milieus of the farm. though. largely beca use it is filmed in the perfect topographic point at the perfect clip. George Milton and Lennie Small are the most circular and developed characters of the narrative. While reading the book the reader gets a really good thought of who these two characters are and what their relationship with each other is like. They are the chief characters of the book. and they are decidedly the most talked about. Furthermore. they are the topic of the whole narrative. In the novel Lennie has some mental issues that make him look like a kid trapped in an adults organic structure. However. in the film this is excessively overdone and in a twosome parts Lennie seems excessively babyish. One of the scenes where this is an issue is the spot where the coach driver drops the two work forces off. and they walk to the spread. This is the portion where in the fresh George throws Lennie’s dead mouse off. which is a bird in the film. Lennie begins to shout. and runs off. which unluckily isn’t really realistic. In add-on. throughout the film Lennie negotiations in a manner which is really difficult to understand and sounds merely like a babe which isn’t able to talk decently. This makes his sickness even more unrealistic. On the other manus George Milton is slightly excessively rough and unsmooth towards Lennie. instead than being caring and responsible the manner he was in the book. The most dramatic and exciting scenes of both the film and the book are decidedly the fight scene between Lennie and Curley. and the scene of Curley’s wife’s decease. The fight scene is really good done in the film. it is about precisely the manner John Steinbeck wants us to see it in his novel. It seems really realistic and seeing Curley’s massacred manus surely gives you goose bumps. Even though overall it was really affectional. possibly it could be better if Lennie didn’t have such a ruthless and ferocious look on his face while he was nailing Curley’s manus. In comparing. the other dramatic scene. was a small unrealistic. It took topographic point in the barn. and you could really clearly hear the men’s voices. nevertheless they didn’t seem to hear the woman’s terrorizing cries. Here Lennie seems to be excessively barbarous as good. but non every bit much as earlier. Steinbeck’s novel has a really clear message. He puts a batch of weight to the thoughts of friendly relationship. solitariness and the American Dream. He is seeking to demo us how misfortunate the lives of work forces like George or Lennie were during the Great Depression. It is a clip where everyone is unhappy. and everyone believes that they deserve better. but about no 1 gets the opportunity to turn their life about. At the very terminal of the film the spot of duologue about the other work forces non understanding Slim and George’s sorrow after Lennie’s decease is skipped. This is a great loss for the film. because this concluding duologue is what truly made the subject of loneliness base out. The other work forces didn’t understand why George was regretful about killing Lennie. because they didn’t understand their bond the manner Slim did. However. the film does do up for this with the fabulous scene of Candy’s old Canis familiaris being killed. It is really deep. and leaves the spectator truly feeling sorry for Candy and the Canis familiaris. It shows loneliness through the silence that takes over the bunkhouse when Carlson takes Candy’s Canis familiaris off. Everyone feels sorry for him. but no 1 says anything. This shows how closed up in their small worlds the work forces are. how afraid they are to state anything to soothe a individual in demand. They don’t say anything. and they can’t. After so many old ages of maintaining everything to yourself it is really difficult to open up your bosom to others.

Describe An Experience That Changed You Essays -

Describe an experience that changed you The black pirate hat danced around in the air, weaving and bobbing to some Disneyland music. Attached to it was my head and the rest of me, being dragged along on this wild ride. The only sounds I heard were ones of trumpets soaring higher and higher, trying to hit an absurdly high note. The pirate hat and the warm Florida night had taken control, and my self-consciousness went right out the window. I danced, not greatly or with any skill whatsoever, but I danced. For that one night, at the end of our trip to Florida and Walt Disney World, I enjoyed life in a way I never have before. Earlier that evening, I had wandered around the hotel, feeling lonely and bored. My roommate and I had planned on visiting the theme parks, but his father, a chaperon, had taken him out for a surprise birthday dinner. So I was left alone to wander. Feeling in the mood to play some video games, I headed out to the arcade with a crisp ten dollar bill. Fifteen minutes later, I walked out, penniless, after quickly finding out that I should never get behind the wheel of a race car. I don't believe I even managed to complete one lap, let alone finish. On the way back, I ran into some friends of mine, who had returned from dinner to get their tickets for the theme parks. Seeing how lonely I was, they invited me to go with them. I agreed, happy to do anything. We got our tickets, and decided to go to the Magic Kingdom for the fireworks and the parade. When we arrived there, we walked around, stopping to get some ice cream and pie. The air was constantly filled with the screams of joy from children running around, and every person had a smile on his face. The happy mood was contagious and I began to smile myself. My two friends sat down for a minute to enjoy their ice cream, so I went into a store looking for a souvenir. The pirate hat sat on the table, looking silly even from across the room. I moved closer, a smile and a chuckle coming from me as I thought about what my friends might say. A cartoonish sticker of Captain Hook was on the front brim, and his large smile sold me. I picked it up, paid for it, and put it on, anticipating the reaction of my friends. I was not disappointed. Howls of laughter burst forth, and I quickly joined in, enjoying the moment. I spent the rest of time at the park and the ride back to the hotel with a big sm ile on my face. It was around eleven o'clock when we got in, but I was having too much fun to go to sleep. It was also our last night in Florida. I went into my room, and got out my Cd player, and put in my Disney Jazz cd, wanting to listen to some fun music. I intended only to listen and watch the stars and the night, but the incessant beat of the drums and jubilation's of the trumpets filled me with energy. I was in such a good mode, I began to let the music move me, and I was off. For once in my life, I forgot about being mature and serious, and let it all go. I got even more flamboyant when my other friends returned, enjoying their shock at seeing me like this. I had the time of my life. When I think back on that trip, it always brings back a smile to my face. Since then I've tried to be less serious and enjoy life a little more. I've made more friends and I have had more fun this past year than I have before. That experience has changed my life for the better, and I'm glad it happened in a funny way.

Legal Drinking Age essays

Legal Drinking Age essays Motor vehicle crashes, alcoholic poisoning, violence, and addiction are just some of the ways children under age 21 are being devastated by the inappropriate and illegal use of alcohol. Alcohol is the number one drug of choice among the nations youth and it can have serious, often lifelong, consequences for them, their families and their communities (Alcoholism). Underage alcohol use is a significant threat to the health and safety of our children, noted Steven A. Shroeder, M.D., President and CEO of The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation. The extent of alcohol consumption by children ages 9 to 15 is startling, and preventing it must become a national priority. Consider these facts: - 3 million children ages 14 through 17 are regular drinkers who already have a confirmed alcoholic problem. - 24 percent of eighth graders say they have used alcohol in the last 30 days. - More than 100,000 12-13 year-olds binge drink every month - Ninth graders who drink are almost twice as likely to attempt suicide as those who dont. - 40 percent of children who begin drinking before the age of 15 will become alcoholics at some point in their lives. (Alcoholism) Alcohol consumption is one of the leading causes of death and injury among teenagers (Alcoholism). If you can join the Army and get killed fighting for your country, you should be able to drink, said Tim Maloney, who was a junior at Grandview High School when he participated in the survey. Yet nearly anyone who has studied the effects of alcohol on teen-agers will disagree with Maloney (Bradley). Researchers have determined that alcohol kills a large number of persons between the ages of 18 and 21 (Bradley). And liquor packs a more powerful punch for teen-agers, even 20-years-olds, because they still are developing physically, emotionally, and socially (Bradley). The maturing process can last until age 24 (Alcoholism). Frequent drinking can stunt ...

Review Based on the Book Educational Studies Essay

Review Based on the Book Educational Studies - Essay Example Within the context of this paper, I will discuss how community, family, technology, society, and relationships all have a strong effect on the quality of education children get and whether they decide to go to college. The quality of the education a child gets also determines if they become lifelong learners, leaders, and have confidence in themselves and their abilities as they grow and develop throughout life. Family, society, and classmates all play a significant role in how children develop their sense of self and their self-esteem (Sharp, Ward, and Hankin, 2009). The development of this sense of self has a strong impact on the ability of the child to excel in academics, sports, and it will also affect their thoughts on higher education (Sharp, Ward, and Hankin, 2009). Children that have low self-esteem tend to think poorly about their abilities and may not think they are capable of learning the complex curriculum taught in today’s schools. A strong sense of self enables t he child to have the courage to explore their surroundings, engage in activities, and develop their sense of self (Sharp, Ward, and Hankin, 2009). Culturally responsive teaching is an important factor in helping young children learns to develop a positive sense of self (Sadker and Zittleman, 2009). From birth, children are gathering knowledge of their own culture from the people around them and they use this information in the development of their self-image (Sharp, Ward, and Hankin, 2009). ... Biological factors include inherited or genetic traits, personality or temperament, and physical and health attributes, like disabilities or premature birth (Sorte, Daeschel, and Amador, 2011). These factors don’t just play an influential role in the development of the child, but can also have a negative affect on the relationship that the child has with their caregivers (Sorte, Daeschel, and Amador, 2011). Environmental factors include the child’s family, the neighborhood they live in, and the presence of environmental toxins, like second-hand smoke (Sorte, Daeschel, and Amador, 2011). These factors can effect a child’s social and emotional development by adding stress to the child’s family life (Sorte, Daeschel, and Amador, 2011). Relationships with other children that are not related to them and the values and attitudes of their teachers add additional influences to the child’s development (Sharp, Ward, and Hankin, 2009). All these influences are the effects of socialization or the child’s nurturing environment (Sharp, Ward, and Hankin, 2009). The nature of the child is determined mostly by biological factors and plays a vital role in the way the child learns (Sharp, Ward, and Hankin, 2009). Programs that create supportive environments, provide time for unstructured play, and allow the child to establish caring relationships with others will help the child gain the tools they need to be successful in the future (Sorte, Daeschel, and Amador, 2011). The standards of a supportive environment are: small group sizes, developmentally appropriate curriculum, competent instructors, and parents that are involved with the child’s

National Math Curriculum Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

National Math Curriculum - Case Study Example The key concepts of applications of mathematics enable the students of this college to gain a critical understanding about mathematical ideas that shape our world. The revised mathematics programme of study for key stage 3 includes the level 1 functional skills standard in mathematics. There are structural similarities with the level 1 functional skills. For the algebra lessons, there are four specific examples outlined. The first one is to generate and describe simple integer sequences. The second one is to generate terms of a simple sequence based on a given rule. The third one is to generate sequences from practical contexts and explain the general term in specific simple cases. The fourth one is to express simple functions in words and afterwards express it using symbols and in mappings. For the lessons in shape and space, there are seven specific examples. The first one is to utilize letter symbols to represent unknown numbers and variables. The second one is to recognise and use multiples, factors or divisors, common factor, highest common factor, lowest common multiple and primes. The third one is to find the prime factor decomposition of a number. ... For the lessons on probability, there are three examples. First, one must generate the point estimate of a normal distribution. The second example is finding the confidence interval of normal distributions. The third one is to assess the strength of association between two variables using chi-square and phi. The major functional skills in algebra, shape and space and probability lessons are applied to the teaching and learning methods of St. Thomas a Becket Catholic College. This type of holistic learning needs to contribute to the development of the key processes. The skills developed in key stage 3 pertain to the key processes of representing, analysing, interpreting, evaluating, communicating and reflecting. The range and content set out in the programme of study is comprehensive. The key stage 3 programme of study forms the foundation for pupils to apply their mathematics to actual situations in the real world in key stage 4.This curriculum helps them to be responsible citizens. It contributes to help them adopt mathematical skills for financial capability which will prepare them to live responsible and satisfying lives. The curriculum puts primordial emphasis on analysing and justifying conclusions in mathematical situations which allows them to acquire critical and analytical appr oaches to real-life situations. This curriculum helps students to be successful learners. The mathematics programme of study assists students with inquisitive minds to learn how to think for themselves. It specifically provides ample opportunities for pupils to tackle open-ended problems. The pupils are work with mathematical errors and misconceptions, which helps them to understand how they learn, as well as to learn from their

Terrorism in the modern world Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Terrorism in the modern world - Essay Example The issue is further complicated when governments adopt violent tactics in the pursuit of their interests, provoking accusations of state terrorism. The quotation mentioned above from Giannini Riotta, speaking as the Deputy Editor of the Spanish newspaper Corriera del Sera, was made in the wake of the September 11th terrorist attacks of 2001 in the United States. The force of his statement is to argue that whereas terrorists formerly tried to gain publicity by staging events that the media could report on, they have now begun to specifically target media networks because in this way a terrorist â€Å"understands that that’s the right way to paralyse our world.† (Riotta, 2005) It is important at the outset to be clear about our definition of terrorism, as opposed to other activities which may involve some degree of violence tied to political motives. Wilkinson identifies five key features of terrorism: 1) It is premeditated and designed to create a climate of extreme fea r; 2) It is directed at a wider target than the immediate victims; 3) It inherently involves attacks on random or symbolic targets, including civilians; 4) It is considered by the society in which it occurs as ‘extra-normal’, that is in the literal sense that it violates the norms regulating disputes, protest and dissent; and 5) It is used primarily, though not exclusively, to influence the political behaviour of governments, communities or specific social groups. (Wilkinson, 1997, p.51) It is clear from each of these characteristics that a key distinguishing feature of terrorism is its intention to reach a far greater number of people than those immediately affected by any terrorist act. The media play a crucial role in providing a mechanism for passing on information, fear and all sorts of ideas from the terrorist group to the public at large. Journalists and editors have a responsibility to report the truth, and considerable lee-way in how they frame the facts and co mment on the issues. It is possible, for example, to report both the concerns of the terrorists and the dreadful consequences of their acts on innocent civilians, thus eroding arguments of terrorists by illustrating their disregard for human life. Journalists are not simply being used by terrorists, because they are responsible for what they write. Schmid and de Graaf focus on the modern mass media’s insatiable hunger for specatacle and drama and recommend a system in which journalists should have a voluntary code of conduct in reporting on terrorism and navigating the many moral dilemmas that arise in this field. Using the example of the 1985 hijacking of TWA Flight 847 by Lebanese Shia terrorists, Schmid and de Graf demonstrate the leverage which was gained by the hijackers, thanks to the mass media filming and commentating of the unfolding events. (Schmid and de Graaf, 1982, pp. 539-555) The visual elements of this â€Å"spectacle† ensured that it remained on televi sions and in newspapers throughout the world over several days while governments negotiated with the hijackers. The media sold many copies and filled many hours of airtime with commentary and debate, and this dependence of Western media on commercial income through sales can lead to a tendency to hype up and sensationalise terrorist activities. In the 1970s and 1980s there was an increase in the number of international terrorist activit

Strong Culture and Organizational Effectiveness

Strong Culture and Organizational Effectiveness Organizational culture is the pattern of shared values and beliefs that help individuals understand organizational functioning. The characteristics that captures the essence of organizations culture include member identity, group emphasis, people focus, unit integration, control, risk tolerance, reward criteria, conflict tolerance, means-end orientation, and open system focus. Appraising the organization on these ten characteristics gives a composite picture of the organizations culture. However, we have strong culture and weak culture. Strong cultures are those in which organizational values and beliefs are widely shared and significantly influence peoples behaviour on the job. Organizations with a strong culture create clear and coherent values and expect that members agree with and care intensely about those values. Denison identifies four key traits that an organization should master in order to be effective as mission, consistency, involvement, and adapt ­ability. Strong organizational cultures have been linked to increased staff alignment, resulting in enhanced organizational effectiveness. However some research shows that strong cultures may enhance short-term success but inhibit long-term organizational performance, and may even contribute to long-term failure by preventing organizations from adapting to changing contingencies. TABLE OF CONTENTS (JUMP TO) 1.0 Introduction 1.1 Culture 1.2 Organizational culture 1.3 Strong culture and weak culture 2.0 Strong culture and organizational effectiveness 2.1 Subculture 3.0 Leadership role in organizational effectiveness 4.0 Conclusion 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 CULTURE Culture is the way we do things are done around here (Schein, 1985) defining the actions of an organization in overt and covert ways, and when change takes place (Smollan, 2009). Culture can also be defined as the collective programming of the mind (Hofstede, 2005). According to Jan Vom (2011), two significant elements covers the scope of culture: (1) cultures manifestation (2) scope of the referenced group. Cultures manifestation Organizations culture is manifested through visible structures and strategies (Jan Vom, 2011). The three layers of culture related to its manifestation are; artefacts, espoused values, and basic underlying assumptions (Schein, 2004 as quoted in Jan Vom, 2011). The visible artefact through which culture is manifested includes companys symbols, its products, architecture, way of dressing, typical behaviours and rituals. It is important to connect artefacts to values. Espoused values are less visible and encompass publicly expressed strategies, goals, norms and rules that provide the daily operating doctrine for members of the organization. Basic underlying assumptions are a subconscious part of the culture which accounts for a mental map of fundamental aspects of life such as the nature of time and space, the role of social hierarchies, and the relative importance of work, family, and self-development. These represent the essence of culture. Scope of the referenced group Reference group refers to the set of people an individual perceives as belonging to his or her work environment which defines the social world of work in which he or she engages, including people with whom the individual does and does not communicate (Lawrence, 2006). Thus, the referenced group are the people within the context of the culture. The scope of the culture is defined depending on the referenced group (Jan Vom, 2011). 1.2 ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE Organizational culture has been defined by numerous authors in different ways. Deshpande and Webster (1989) define organizational culture as the pattern of shared values and beliefs that help individuals understand organizational functioning thus providing norms for behaviour in the organization. In contrast, other authors such as Schein (1985) have put forward that culture is best thought of as a psychological tendency, which he refers to as basic assumptions, that members of an organization learns as it solves its problems of external adaptation and internal integration, and considered valid because it is successful, and then taught to new members to use when facing those problems. However, no matter how we choose to define culture, culture is an important aspect of an organization, and organizations with strong culture increase the chances that members can execute its objectives and increase organizational performance by enlightening members on those objectives (Pottruck, 2001). Chantman, and Chaldwell (1991) quoted in Dwivedi (1995) suggests that the ten primary characteristics that, in aggregate, capture the essence of organizations culture includes: Member identity: how employees identify with the organization as a whole rather than with their type of job or field of professional expertise. Group emphasis: The degree to which work activities are organised around groups rather than individuals. People focus: the degree to which management decisions taken into consideration the effect of outcomes on people within the organization. Unit integration: the degree to which units within the organization are encouraged to operate in a coordinated or interdependent manner. Control: the degree to which rules, regulations, and direct supervision are used to oversee and control employee behaviour. Risk tolerance: the degree to which employees are encouraged to be aggressive, innovative, and risk seeking. Reward criteria: the degree to which rewards such as salary increases and promotions are allocated according to employees performance rather than seniority, favouritism, or other non- performance factors. Conflict tolerance: the degree to which employees are encouraged to air conflicts and criticisms openly. Means-ends orientation: the degree to which management focuses on results or outcomes rather than on the techniques and processes used to achieve those outcomes. Open system focus: the degree to which the organization monitors and responds to changes in the external environment. These characteristics reflect the organizations value and are used to determine an organizations culture. Depending on its strength, it can bring about organizational effectiveness (Dwivedi, 1995). However, some researchers have questioned how well strong cultures improve organizational performance. According to Denison (1990), organizations with strong cultures had greater returns on investments, but this only happens in the short run, after three years the relationship between cultural consistency and performance becomes negative. Also, Alicia (2002) is of the opinion that strong cultures may facilitate short-term success but inhibit long-term organizational performance, and may even contribute to long-term failure by preventing organizations from adapting to changing contingencies. Thus, while cultural strength may bring about increase in organizational performance in the short run, they may also inhibit an organizations ability to adapt, change, and innovate. 1.3 STRONG CULTURE AND WEAK CULTURE An organizations culture can either be strong or weak depending on the degree of alignment of the organizations value and employees response to stimuli because of their alignment with it (Olivier, 2009). Strong cultures: Here, organizational values and beliefs are widely shared with significant influence on peoples behaviour with respect to their job (John, 2006). It encompasses the ability to influence and motivate organizational members to act in an approved manner in the organization, and also an agreement on the part of members, regarding the importance of the organizational values (Schein, 2004). Weak cultures: Here, there is lack of motivation by the members of the organization, and it encompasses little or no  strategy-implementing assistance since there are no traditions, beliefs, values, common bonds, or behavioural norms that  management  can use to motivate to execute the chosen strategy (John, 2006). 2.0 STRONG CULTURE AND ORGANIZATIONAL EFFECTIVENESS Culture has long been regarded as essential to organizational effectiveness (Schein, 1992). According to Alicia (2002); Organizations with a strong culture create clear and coherent values and expect members to care and agree with those values, even if core values emphasize dissent and creativity (Flynn Chatman, 2001). Chatman (2002) is of the opinion that organizations attain strategic advantages through strong cultures. For example, Southwest Airlines has better performance than its competitors, over a period of time, due to its strong culture of focusing on keeping costs low and customers happy. However, Denison (1990) postulated a model that highlights the four key traits of organizational culture, which includes; mission, consistency, involvement, adaptability. Denisons research has demonstrated that effective organizations have high culture scores in all four traits. Thus, effective organizations are likely to have cultures that are adaptive, yet highly consistent and predictable, and that foster high involvement, but do so within the context of a shared sense of mission. External Focus (Adaptability + Mission) The adaptation hypothesis asserts that an organization must hold a system of norms and beliefs which support the capacity of an organization to receive, interpret, and translate signals from its environment into internal behavioural changes that increase its chances for survival, growth and development (Denison, 1990). Schein (1985) emphasizes that a culture usually consists of some adaptive collective behavioural responses, and the capacity to manage these responses is key to organizations effectiveness. A mission, on the other hand, provides purpose and meaning by defining a social role for an institution and defining the relevance of individual roles as related to the institutional role (Denison, 1990). Hence, an organization that is focused on adapting and changing in response to the external environment, and also has well defined goals and objectives has a strong external focus which is key to organizational effectiveness. A strong external focus typically impacts revenue, sales growth, and market share (Denison, 2006). Internal Focus (Involvement + Consistency) High levels of involvement and participation create a sense of ownership and responsibility (Denison, 1990). Members of an organization are able carry out coordinated action when they shared system of beliefs, and values, which are widely understood. Consistency involves defining the values and systems that are the basis of a strong culture. Strong organizational culture which is consistent leads to organizational effectiveness by priding itself on the quality of its products or services. An organization with strong internal focus has higher levels of quality, fewer defects, less rework, good resource utilization, and high employee satisfaction (Denison, 2006). Flexibility (Adaptability + Involvement) A flexible organization has the capability to change in response to the environment with focus is on the marketplace and its people. An organization that is flexible has higher levels of product and service innovation, creativity, and a fast response to the changing needs of customers and employees (Denison, 2006). Stability (Mission + Consistency) A stable organization has the capacity to remain focused and predictable over time. An organization that is stable has high return on assets, investments and sales, as well as strong busi ­ness operations (Denison, 2006). Hence an organization should master these key traits and strengthen its culture in order to be effective. According to Barney (1986), strong organizational culture facilitates increased staff alignment, thus strengthening organizational effectiveness, and increasing employee productivity and commitment. However, on the contrary, Gagliardi (1986) suggested that organizations with strong cultures are only capable of a limited change because of resistance by members to changing those strongly held and widely shared values. For example, such resistance threatened the survival of Westinghouse electrical company in the 1950s, by preventing it from reaping any benefits from acquiring a factory automation business. It was concluded that the failure was due to the organizations culture of merging an entrepreneurial organizational activity into a relatively slow-moving, large American corporation (Nohria, Dwyer, Dalzell, 2002). This further reinforces the point that cultural strength increases organizational performance, but only in the short run, they may also inhibit an organizations ability to change. However Alicia (2002) suggests that organizations facing such problems can use subcultures to become more agile and to drive innovation. 2.1 SUBCULTURE Subcultures are groups whose common characteristic is a set of shared norms and beliefs, formed based on an array of individual, societal, and organizational characteristics (Chatman, 2002). Organizational subcultures may be based on membership in various groups (departments, workgroups, and teams), levels of hierarchies, professional and occupational affiliations, socio-demographic categories (sex, ethnicity, age, or nationality) and performance-related variables such as organizational commitment and work performance (Trice Beyer, 1993 quoted by Chatman, 2002) Hofstede (1998) suggested that subculture provides information about employees perceptions of the organization, and thus managers lack of awareness of existing or potential subcultures can be damaging. As mentioned earlier, members of strong cultures may resist change, and change within strong culture organizations may lead to conflict. Subcultures can absorb this conflict, with the value of the organizational culture intact. Thus, subcultures may offer a way for organizations with strong culture to be flexible enough to change and adapt to external occurrences (Chatman, 2002). 3.0 LEADERSHIP ROLE IN ORGANIZATIONAL EFFECTIVENESS According to Bryman (1992), the leader could alter or impact the organizational culture. Weese (1995) suggested that leaders have tempered positions relative to the impact that a leader can have on shaping and preserving the culture of an organization, that the culture is the organization, not something that the organization possesses, and consequently, culture change is an arduous assignment. Hence, transformational leaders are needed to help shape and maintain the desired culture of an organization (Schein, 1993), which may link to organizational effectiveness. High transformational leaders possess strong organizational cultures and carry out culture-building activities, especially the customer-orientation function, to a greater extent than other leaders do (Weese, 1995). Also, Bass and Avolio (1992) suggested that transformational leadership and organizational culture is vital to organizational effectiveness. Yukl (1994) defined transformational leadership as the process of influencing major changes in the attitudes and assumptions of organizational members and building commitment for the organizations mission, objectives and strategies. Leaders should therefore focus on developing a strong organizational culture which supports achieving set goals and objectives, coordinated team work, customer orientation, as well as managing change in the organization. 4.0 CONCLUSION It has been established that culture has a significant impact on organizations performance. Organizations with strong culture, and are able to maintain its stability enjoy better performance than weaker cultural organizations. Organizations should pay attention to mission, consistency, involvement, and adapt ­ability in order to have organizational effectiveness (Denison, 2006). Also, it is important for transformational leaders to possess a stronger organizational culture. However, strong cultures may inhibit an organizations ability to change, but such organizations can use subcultures to become more agile and to drive innovation (Chatman, 2002).

Child Developement :: essays research papers

Volunteering at the YMCA was a great experience. I conducted a two-hour craft class with approximately seventeen children between five to seven years of age. Two â€Å"Y† counselors assisted me with the children. The project I selected was a magazine collage based on nutrition and fitness. The children enthusiastically participated. I brought a large scaled laminated version of the food pyramid. We began by discussing the food groups and they assisted in the assembly of the pyramid. We then discussed the importance of breakfast, good after school snacks and junk food. They energetically engaged in conversation. The children were given black construction paper and magazines to look through to find pictures, they would cut or tear the pictures into small pieces and sort the pieces and glue the pieces onto their paper. The children were sensitive to the needs and feelings of the others around them. They varied widely in a number of different ways. Some of the children could make their own decisions and work independently, while others looked for adult approval. Some worked very quietly when others were noisy. Others were wiggle worms when some were concentrating and working intensely. One beautiful little girl was acting out, vying for even negative attention, when she was no longer the center of attention. She reacted emotionally when she received a written referral from the counselor. When one asked to go to the bathroom suddenly half a dozen children had to go to the bathroom! Based on the Eight Stages of Development developed by psychiatrist, Erik Erikson in 1956 stages three and four were present. Stage (age) Psychosocial crisis Significant relations Psychosocial modalities Psychosocial virtues Maladaptations & malignancies III (3-6) -- preschooler initiative vs. guilt family to go after, to play purpose, courage ruthlessness -- inhibition IV (7-12 or so) -- school-age child industry vs. inferiority neighborhood and school to complete, to make things together competence narrow virtuosity -- inertia 3. Learning Initiative Versus Guilt (Purpose) Erikson believed that this third psychosocial crisis occurs during what he calls the "play age," or the later preschool years. During it, the healthily developing child learns: (1) to imagine, to broaden his skills through active play of all sorts, including fantasy (2) to cooperate with others (3) to lead as well as to follow. Immobilized by guilt, he is: (1) fearful (2) hangs on the fringes of groups (3) continues to depend unduly on adults and (4) is restricted both in the development of play skills and in imagination 4. Industry Versus Inferiority (Competence) Erikson believed that the fourth psychosocial crisis is handled, for better or worse, during what he calls the "school age," presumably up to and possibly including some of junior high school.

I Love Yous Are For White People

Reading your book brought to surface many of the occurrences in my life that I have found myself hiding from. You told my story seen through your eyes but from a deferent environment, I honestly thought I was alone In this world until I read your book.From moving from your home land, to being bullied and picked on for your accent, losing a friend through tragedy and having to meet new friends In a new world, from being physically and mentally abused by your father to molested by a family member, from ranking to numb the pain to Joining a gang/clack to feel at home and have a real family who cared, and finally occurrences to which I could have lost my life. Every story you told had a deeper meaning to me and my stories, you have helped me shine a light on the past which has held a strong grip on me for so long.Growing up in another country brought to light In my eyes the Importance of family, having respect for your elders, and to speak when spoken to along with not speaking out of tu rn. I grew up Belize with an abusive/ alcoholic father, in a way he was similar o what you described he was strict on me getting good grades and staying out of trouble: in any way I dishonored or disobeyed his orders he would be waiting my arrival home, his glare which literally made me weak in the knees and most of the time made me cry, but the various objects he would hold to give me my beatings never made me budge in a way; I was ready it was a routine.My mother I can say was in a way similar to the mother you described, she was always quiet and never intervened in anything my dad was involved in; she could never defend or protect e, she had to stay quiet, and had to make sure my father was satisfied whenever he was around. The phrase you used on chapter fourteen â€Å"l realized one thing- I am my father† really caught my attention. I found myself in life trying my hardest to run away from the thought of becoming my father not realizing that every action I participated in brought me closer to being him.At the age of eight I started stealing money from my parents and sneaking alcoholic beverages to drink so I could numb myself from my surroundings and the pain I was feeling, then it became worst as mime progressed. I don't usually talk about my best friend because it brings back painful memories and the feeling of hate and revenge, he was my big brother older than me by close to a year but he was too young to lose his life.I was eight when we loaned the family gang which Included friends and family members, at the age of 10 during a drug deal he was gunned down by a rival gang during their Initiation phase. Seeing my only brother lifeless In a coffin drove me to a dark place and I felt I had to do something about it. When I turned 10 years old my mother who feared for my life took me from my father and we left Belize to come to America; she wanted to give me a new start, a better life and a future to live for.In Tampa, Florida the elementary school m y mother enrolled me In I didn't feel alone the children were nice and friendly although I had my heavy Caribbean accent, then It changed when I graduated and went to a different middle school from the little bit of friend I had befriended the bullies and never was I picked on again; instead I was protected. My other received a better Job in a different location and I had to switch schools.The second middle school I was enrolled in became my worst nightmare; I was called names, physically picked on by the students and couldn't make friends, I was an outsider and found myself roaming the school yard alone. I became depressed, found myself eating away my pain, and started stealing drinks from my mother's wine bottles and from her boyfriend's liquor collection. I pleaded with my mom for a new change, as a result we moved to Long Beach, California after I graduated middle school; before arriving I swore to myself I would never stand for getting bullied ever again.In High school I starte d working out and turned all my fat into muscles and I also found myself getting in too much fights, about close to 70 in the first two years, then I switched schools to a predominated white upper-class high school in which I joined the wrestling team and took the varsity position at ass's my first year, ever since I moved to the new environment my life has changed. I am in college now pursuing a career in the Fire Service; I want to help people not cause harm to them.I never wanted to be a violent person, I was driven into it because at the time I felt there were no other possible solutions. Today I strongly believe the person I grew up to be does not shape my future, it's my choice; I can either stay and dwell in the past or move forward and strive for my future. You helped me enforce this idea and that's why I am grateful to have had the opportunity to read your novel â€Å"l Love Hoys Are For White People†.You can change the lives of many individuals Just by being able to elate, a lot of people feel they have to bottle up their emotions because no one out there would be able to relate and understand. I would and will recommend this novel for all my friends and family to read. I have come to witness that am still here in this world for a reason, I believe in the phrase you used and that is â€Å"Eve come across a couple of angels in my days here on earth†. I want to say thank you once again for speaking to me through your story and I really appreciate the words you wrote. Sincerely Clifford Usher

20 Surprising Facts About the Titanic

20 Surprising Facts About the Titanic You may already know that the Titanic hit an iceberg  at 11:40 p.m. on the night of April 14, 1912, and that it sank two hours and forty minutes  later. Did you know that there were only two bathtubs for third class passengers or that the crew had only seconds to react to the iceberg? These are just a couple of the interesting facts about the Titanic that were going to explore. The  Titanic  Was Gigantic The Titanic was supposed to be an unsinkable boat and it was built to monumental scale. In total, it was 882.5 feet long, 92.5 feet wide, and 175 feet high. It would displace 66,000 tons of water and it was the largest ship built up to that point in time. The Queen Mary cruise ship was built in 1934 and surpassed the Titanics length by 136 feet, making it 1,019 feet long. In comparison, The Oasis of the Seas, a luxury liner built in 2010, has a total length of 1,187 feet. That is nearly a football field longer than the Titanic. And Grand Luxuries for the first class passengers included a swimming pool, a Turkish bath, a squash court, and a dog kennel. The Ritz Restaurant on board was inspired by the famous Ritz in Londons Picadilly Circus. The grand staircase- there were several staircases- descended seven of the ships ten decks, and featured oak paneling and bronze cherubs. A replica of the staircase can be seen at the Titanic museum in Branson, Missouri. The Last Dinner The last dinner served to first class passengers at the Ritz Restaurant was a feast with ten sumptuous courses, featuring oysters, caviar, lobster, quail, salmon, roast duckling, and lamb. On board the Titanic were 20,000 bottles of beer, 1,500 bottles of wine, and 8,000 cigars, all for the first class passengers. Expensive to Operate The Titanic burned about 600 tons of coal each day to keep it powered. A team of 176 men kept the fires burning, and it is estimated that over 100 tons of ash were injected into the Atlantic each day the Titanic operated. The Canceled Lifeboat Drill Originally, a lifeboat drill was scheduled to take place on board the Titanic on the very day that the ship hit the iceberg. However, for an unknown reason, Captain Smith canceled the drill. Many people believe that had the drill taken place, more lives could have been saved. Only Seconds to React From the time the lookouts sounded the alert, the officers on the bridge had only 37 seconds to react before the Titanic hit the iceberg. In that time, First Officer Murdoch ordered, hard a-starboard (which turned the ship to port- left). He also ordered the engine room to put the engines in reverse. The Titanic did bank left, but it wasnt quite fast or far enough. Lifeboats Were Not Full Not only were there not enough lifeboats to save all 2,200 people on board, most of the lifeboats that were launched were not filled to capacity. If they had been, 1,178 people might have been rescued, far more than the 705 who did survive. For instance, the first lifeboat to launch- Lifeboat 7 from the starboard side- only carried 24 people, despite having a capacity of 65 (two additional people later transferred onto it from Lifeboat 5). However, it was Lifeboat 1 that carried the fewest people. It had only seven crew and five passengers (a total of 12 people) despite having a capacity for 40. Another Boat Was Closer for Rescue When the Titanic began sending out distress signals, the Californian, rather than the Carpathia, was the closest ship. However, the Californian did not respond until it was much too late to help. At 12:45 a.m. on April 15, 1912, crew members on the Californian saw mysterious lights in the sky. These were the distress flares sent up from the Titanic  and they immediately woke up their captain to tell him. Unfortunately, the captain issued no orders. Since the ships wireless operator had already gone to bed as well, the Californian was unaware of any distress signals from the Titanic until the morning. By then, the Carpathia had already picked up all of the survivors. Many people believe that if the Californian had responded to the Titanics pleas for help, many more lives could have been saved. Two Dogs Rescued The order was for  women and children first when it came to the lifeboats. When you factor in that there were not enough lifeboats for everyone on board the Titanic, it is a bit surprising that two dogs made it into the lifeboats. Of the nine dogs on board the Titanic, the two that were rescued were a Pomeranian and a Pekinese. Rich and Famous Among the famous people who died on the Titanic, the wealthiest by far was John Jacob Astor IV, who was worth over US$90 million, over two billion in todays currency. Others included the mining heir, Benjamin Guggenheim, and engineer Thomas Andrews, who oversaw the construction of the Titanic. The co-owner of Macys department store, Isidor Straus and his wife Ida, also died on board the ship. Corpses Recovered On April 17, 1912, the day before survivors of the Titanic disaster reached New York, the CS Mackay-Bennett, a commercial cable repair ship, was sent off from Halifax, Nova Scotia to search for bodies. On board, the Mackay-Bennett were embalming supplies, 40 embalmers, tons of ice, and 100 coffins. Although the Mackay-Bennett  found 306 bodies, 116 of them were too badly damaged to take all the way back to shore. Attempts were made to identify each body found. Additional ships were also sent out to look for bodies. In all, 328 bodies were found, but 119 of these were so severely degraded that they were buried at sea. No-one Knows All Who Died on the Titanic Although the official number of the dead on the Titanic was 1,503 (of the 2,208 on board, there were 705 survivors), over a hundred unidentified bodies were buried in Fairview Lawn cemetery in Halifax, Nova Scotia. Many people traveled under false names, and from so many different places, it proved impossible to identify even the recovered bodies. Sidney Leslie Goodwin, a 19-month-old boy buried under the marker unknown child was identified in 2008, after extensive DNA tests and a worldwide genealogical search. Dance Band on the Titanic There was an eight-piece band on the Titanic, led by violinist Wallace Hartley, who had to learn 350 songs in the songbook handed out to first class passengers. As the Titanic was sinking, they sat on the deck and played music, and all of them went down with the ship. Survivors reported that the last piece they played was either Nearer My God to Thee or a waltz named Autumn. The Fourth Funnel Wasnt Real In what is now an iconic image, the side view of the Titanic clearly shows four cream and black funnels. While three of them released steam from the boilers, the fourth was just for show. The designers thought the ship would look more impressive with four funnels rather than three. Only Two Bathtubs in Third Class While the promenade suites in first class had private bathrooms, most passengers on the Titanic had to share bathrooms. Third class had it very rough with only two bathtubs for more than 700 passengers. The  Titanics  Newspaper The  Titanic  seemed to have everything on board, including its own newspaper. The Atlantic Daily Bulletin was printed every day on board the  Titanic. Each edition included news, advertisements, stock prices, horse-racing results, society gossip, and the days menu. A Royal Mail Ship The R.M.S. Titanic was a Royal Mail Ship. This designation meant the Titanic was officially responsible for delivering mail for the British postal service. On board the Titanic was a Sea Post Office with five mail clerks (two British and three American) who were responsible for the 3,423 sacks of mail (seven million individual pieces). Interestingly, although no mail has yet been recovered from the wreck of the Titanic, if it were, the U.S. Postal Service would still try to deliver it out of duty and because most of the mail was destined for the U.S. 73 Years to Find It Despite the fact that everyone knew the Titanic sunk and they had an idea of where that happened, it took 73 years to find the wreckage. Dr. Robert Ballard, an American oceanographer, found the Titanic on September 1, 1985. Now a UNESCO protected site, the ship lays two miles below the oceans surface, with the bow nearly 2,000 feet from the ships stern. The  Titanics  Treasures The Titanic movie included The Heart of the Ocean, a priceless blue diamond that was supposed to have gone down with the ship. This was just a fictional addition to the story that was likely based on a real-life love story regarding a blue sapphire pendant.   Thousands of artifacts were recovered from the wreckage, however, and many pieces of precious jewelry were included. The majority were auctioned off and sold for some rather incredible prices. More Than One Movie Though many of us know of the 1997 movie Titanic starring Leonardo DiCaprio and Kate Winslet, it was not the first movie made about the disaster. At least 11 have been made, depending on how you define Titanic movie. The very first movie made about the Titanic disaster was released in May 1912, a month after the disaster. It was a silent movie called Saved from the Titanic and it starred Dorothy Gibson, an actress who was one of the survivors. In 1958, A Night to Remember was released that recounted in great detail the ships fatal night. The British-made film featured Kenneth More, Robert Ayres, and many other notable actors, with over 200 speaking parts. There was also the 1953 Twentieth Century Fox production of Titanic. This black and white film starred Barbara Stanwyck, Clifton Webb, and Robert Wagner and was centered around a couples unhappy marriage. Another Titanic movie was produced in Germany and released in 1950. In 1996, a Titanic TV mini-series was produced. The all-star cast included Peter Gallagher, George C. Scott, Catherine Zeta-Jones, and Eva Marie Saint. It was reportedly a rushed production designed to be released before the famous blockbuster film hit theaters the next year.

Degreeless Syste essays

The Gradeless/Degreeless Syste essays In Robert M. Pirsigs Zen and the Art of Motorcycle Maintenance, Phaedrus thought of a very clever way to make students work for themselves and not just for a good grade. He wanted students to attend college because they were interested in learning and not just because they needed a degree. Phaedrus thought he could do this by eliminating grades and degrees; it would be a grade less/degreeless system. When looking at this idea hypothetically with a hypothetical student, this system seemed to be fabulous, but when Phaedrus actually applied this idea to his classrooms with real students, it didnt turn out how he had hoped. With the elimination of grades and degrees, Phaedrus believed the hypothetical student would eventually flunk himself out of school and not got back until he was there for the knowledge and not just the grades. He predicted that the student would go to his first few classes out of habit and probably do the assignments in a way he was sort of trained to do them his whole life. Eventually the student would get bored with the class because he wasnt really there for any sort of purpose and would quit going to classes and do the assignments. Then the hypothetical student would eventually take himself out of school. He would flunk himself out. As Phaedrus saw it, this would be better for everyone. The student wasnt there for any real reason so he didnt deserve to be there anyway. He pointed out how a lot of money had been saved and this hadnt affected anyone but the student. All his life the student had been trained with this slave mentality, Phaedrus called it carrot-and-whip grading, a mule mentality which said, If you dont whip me, I wont work (Pirsig 175). This is why the student failed himself out; no one was pushing him to work. The student would go get a job to support himself doing something that he enjoyed. This would satisfy him for a while...

Peer Reviewed Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Peer Reviewed - Essay Example an be used in credentialing organizations, ensuring quality health care and how it helps nurses acquire jobs in organizations such as Cancer Treatment Centers of America. When in the world of research, many articles are written and the way that they are clarified is through peer review. This is the process by which people of similar understanding in the same field evaluate the work done by their colleague before it is published. This is a form of self-regulation of research and studies in designated fields to maintain standards of quality, increase performance and grant credibility within the said field. Once the peer review process is complete, the reviewed material is then published or deemed worthy of teaching, presenting or enacting. This paper will thus look at the peer review process implemented at the Cancer Treatment Centers of America, compare it with that at American Academy of Nurse, and suggest improvements or changes. It will also identify the ways in which the process is used in the credentialing organizations, ensuring quality and improve advances in practice. To begin with, we will look at the Cancer Treatment Center of America. The Cancer Treatment Centers of America (CTCA) are a private for-profit institution that builds hospitals that are dedicated to the treatment of cancer and provides outpatient clinics in which patients can receive both traditional and complimentary alternative medicine treatments (Kent, 2014). With a head office in Schaumburg, Illinois, it has five fully-fledged hospitals around the United States in Illinois, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Arizona, and Georgia. It also has an outpatient oncology clinic located in Seattle, Washington. Having been founded by Richard J Stephenson in the late 1980s after losing his mother to cancer, the organization has been helping patients fight cancer using advanced technology and a personalized approach offering comprehensive cancer care in all its hospitals. Being an organization that is

The nurses role as a cultural broker Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The nurses role as a cultural broker - Essay Example Nurses as cultural brokers had a role to build an understanding of the cultural factors and awareness of the different communities they serve and of the many ways in which such factors influence communities and the community members. It is not a must for a Cultural Broker to be a member of a particular cultural background or community. However, it was a requirement for them to have a history and experience with different cultural groups for which they serve as brokers. They needed to respect and trust the community they are working for, have knowledge of the community’s values, beliefs, and health practices of different cultural groups. It is equally important for them to have a clear understanding of the traditional and indigenous wellness and healing networks of that particular community for them to be effective middlemen. Nurses as cultural brokers ensure that individuals’ values customs and spiritual beliefs of an individual are respected accordingly. The nurses also ensure an individual receives information that is accurate, sufficient and culturally appropriate manner on which to base consent for care and treatment. The final role was to navigate the health care delivery and the community’s supportive systems (Parker, 2001).

'NGOs legitimacy and representation at the global level' Literature review

'NGOs legitimacy and representation at the global level' - Literature review Example ons and an annual addition of 1200 new ones (Yearbook of international organizations, 2013).This essay seeks to examine the concepts of legitimacy and representation of these NGOs at the global level. In addition, the essay intends to find out the ways in which accountability and representation can be enhanced. As a point of departure, a pressing question on the legitimacy and present political debate on reclaiming the democratic projects in the context of globalization has arose and it needs to be answered. Numerous institutions and scholars have always argued out the extent to which these NGOs are legitimate, responsible and answerable (MACDONALD, 2008). These aspects directly affect the subjects. For instance, the reason for the recent mounting of pressure of high profile campaigns for democratization of powerful international organizations such as the IMF and world Bank includes the belief that, these organizations are neither not representatives of the subjects, nor do they exhibit the aspects of accountable bodies. Montesquieu, a balanced democrat argues that any leadership that is a representative of subjects must get consent of the governed. This follows that, a legitimate NGO should be attributed to the consent of the governed either through elections or by acclamation. This follows that, democracy is exhibited in these institutions if Montesquieu principle is applied (LOY, 1968). On the other hand, Locke confirms that the aspect of legitimacy must be derived from the subjects and once a legitimate body has been consented, then subjects have a preserve of their rights through these bodies. Locke believes that, the interests of the subjects must come first before personal interests (LOCKE, 1990). The question that arises is that who bestows responsibilities to NGOs and how representation of citizens is gained? This follows that, the aspect of representation is challengeable. Despite MACDONALD’s assertion that, alternative non-electoral mechanism of

Middle East Essay Example for Free

Middle East Essay The central difference between Sunni Muslims and Shia Muslims is the manner in which they have chosen to recognize leadership in Islam following the death of the prophet Muhammad. Etymologically, Sunni people are those who â€Å"follow the traditions of the Prophet,† whilst the Shia are those who follow the â€Å"Household of the Prophet,† and these are apt descriptors of the manner in which they differ. Sunni Muslims chose to recognize the authority of Muhammad’s companions, who declared that the role of leadership was to be accorded to one deemed capable, establishing a Caliphate under Muhammad’s confidante, Abu Bakr. Shia Muslims on the other hand, chose not to recognize the authority of the Caliphate, and instead devoted themselves to a line of Imams they believe to be appointed through divine right. Shia Muslims are essentially the minority, with Sunni Muslim comprising 85% of the world’s Islamic population. Generally speaking, Amin maintains that despite these political differences, their core beliefs are fundamentally the same. The fundamental analogy he provides is the contrast between Protestantism and the Roman Catholic Orthodoxy. The Shia Imam is essentially a nigh-infallible figure accorded Pope-like reverence, while the Sunni choose a more individualistic and secular form of respect, eschewing formal clergy in favor of scholarship and independence much like Protestantism. Other than that, they agree on many critical aspects of Islam: the Five Pillars, and neither group denies the other’s right to identifying as Muslim. As Athar observes, many Muslims do not actually actively distinguish themselves nominally. However, Athar also argues that the political ramifications of their differences have led to an unfair stigmatization of the Shia Muslims within Western media, if it chooses at all to inform non-Muslims of these differences. One notable misconception is the notion that Shia do not pay ‘zakat’ or poor-due when in fact, they do. They simply choose not to make this contribution through the Sunni government, which they believe to be corrupt. Works Cited Amin, Hussein Abdulwaheed. â€Å"The Origins of the Sunni/Shia split in Islam. † Islam For Today. 17 August 2007. Retrieved August 29, 2008 from: http://www. islamfortoday. com/shia. htm Athar, Shahid. â€Å"Shia Sunni Unity: Shia Sunni Differences, Shia Sunni Conflict. † Islam Online. 5 June 2007. Retrieved August 29, 2008 from: http://www. ezsoftech. com/Akram/shiasunniunity. asp

Bimatoprost Monotherapy in CACG Patients with Extensive PAS

Bimatoprost Monotherapy in CACG Patients with Extensive PAS Intraocular Pressure-Lowering Efficacy of Bimatoprost in Chronic Angle-Closure Glaucoma Patients with Extensive Peripheral Anterior Synechiae: A Preliminary Study Introduction Glaucoma is the leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide, affecting an estimated 64.3 million people aged 40–80 years, and this figure is expected to increase to 70 million in 2020.1 Open-angle glaucoma (OAG) is the more common form of glaucoma, but because angle-closure glaucoma (ACG) is more prevalent in Asia, the continent that accounts for 60% of the world population, ACG causes a disproportionate burden of morbidity.1,2 ACG is also more critical due to its greater likelihood to cause blindness than OAG.3 ACG is defined by a partially occludable angle and elevated intra-ocular pressure (IOP) of more than 21 mmHg, with no or mild symptoms until very late in the disease and vision loss becomes evident. Detection by gonioscopy reveals very narrow angle with appositional contact between the iris and trabecular meshwork.4,5 This area of contact increases gradually and asymptomatically, with peripheral anterior synechiae (PAS) forming and spreading circumferentially, usually involving at least 180 degree-angle, which then increases IOP.3,6,7 The exact mechanism of PAS formation is not clearly understood, but it is known that the formation of PAS starts as the peripheral part of the iris adheres to the Schwalbe’s line and extends towards the angle recess. PAS is considered to be present when the adhesion of the iris reaches the mid-trabecular meshwork and its extent exceeds one clock hour on indentation gonioscopy. (Yoo et al. 2007) The level of IOP is directly related to the extent of the angle closure.4,7 The goal of treatment therefore is directed towards reopening of the angle and preventing and/or stopping nerve damage, and reduction of IOP.3 High IOP is a clinically important risk factor associated with progressive optic-disc changes and visual field loss.10 Aside from obstruction of the trabecular meshwork, Bodh et al. reported that the elevation of IOP may be caused by prostaglandin E1 and prostaglandin E2-mediated increase in secretion or the breakdown of blood aqueous barrier and corticosteroid-induced elevation. (Bodh SA, Kumar V, Raina UK, Ghosh B, Thakar M. Inflammatory glaucoma. Oman Journal of Ophthalmology. 2011;4(1):3-9. doi:10.4103/0974-620X.77655.) The Early Manifest Glaucoma Progression Trial, which evaluated the impact of reducing IOP in patients with OAG with normal or elevated IOP, showed the benefit of treatment (using laser trabeculoplasty plus topical betaxolol hydrochloride) on delaying the glaucoma progression in terms of visual field loss and optic disc changes by an average of 18 months longer than patients who did not receive treatment. An average reduction of IOP by about 5.1 mmHg resulted in less frequent progression and occurred significantly later in treated patients. (Heijl A, et al. 2002) Laser iridotomy is the standard initial approach to ACG.9,10 Treatment of acute ACG (AACG) can be satisfactorily treated with laser iridotomy alone, which is associated with good prognosis.8 However, chronic cases, after iridotomy with significant amount of PAS and suboptimal IOP control, require the use ÃŽ ²-adrenoreceptor antagonists (ÃŽ ²-blockers), topical carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, or selective ÃŽ ±2-adrenoreceptor agonists.10 A review of randomised controlled trials showed evidence that prostaglandin analogs and ÃŽ ²-blockers are recommended as monotherapy for the treatment of CACG when iridotomy has failed.9 Prostaglandin analogs have proven efficiency in lowering IOP in OAG with less side effects than ÃŽ ²-blockers.11 In addition, several trials have shown prostanoids to be more effective in reducing IOP than ÃŽ ²-blockers, topical carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, or selective ÃŽ ±2-adrenoreceptor agonists also patients with OAG.12However, recent studies have demonstrated that prostaglandin analogs such as latanoprost, bimatoprost and travopost to be effective in lowering IOP in chronic ACG (CACG), even in the presence of 360-degree PAS.10A meta-analysis on the efficacy of anti-glaucoma drugs in patients with open-angle glaucoma, tension glaucoma or ocular hypertension showed bimatoprost to provide the greatest reduction in IOP.13 Bimatoprost monotherapy has been demonstrated to decrease IOP in CACG patients with at least 9 clock hours of PAS on gonioscopy. However, the IOP-lowering efficacy of bimatoprost in eyes with extensive PAS is not fully understood. It has been suggested that that bimatoprost increases the aqueous outflow through the uveoscleral or the trabecular pathways being blocked by PAS in CACG.14 This prospective, interventional case series was conducted to determine the efficacy of bimatoprost monotherapy in CACG patients with extensive PAS. References: 1. Tham YC, Li X, Wong TY, Quigley H a., Aung T, Cheng CY. Global Prevalence of Glaucoma and Projections of Glaucoma Burden through 2040. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Ophthalmology. 2014;121(11):2081-2090. doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2014.05.013. 2. Quigley H a, Broman a T. The number of people with glaucoma worldwide in 2010 and 2020. Br J Ophthalmol. 2006;90:262-267. doi:10.1136/bjo.2005.081224. 3. Rafael CastanÃÅ'Æ’eda-DiÃÅ' ez, Mariana MayorquiÃÅ' n-Ruiz CE-L and OA-D. Current Diagnosis and Management of Angle-closure glaucoma. In: Dr. Pinakin Gunvant, ed. Glaucoma Current Clinical and Research Aspects. InTech; 2011. doi:10.5772/18123. 4. Yuji Kondo TY. Epidemiology of angle closure glaucoma. In: Chul Hong, Yamamoto T, eds. Angle Closure Glaucoma. Kugler Publications; 2007:278. https://books.google.com/books?id=PV6ehhSdis0Cpgis=1. Accessed February 22, 2015. 5. Harmohina Bagga G Chandra Sekhar. Chapter 9. Primary Angle-Closure Glaucoma. In: Saxena S, ed. Clinical Ophthalmology: Medical and Surgical Approach. Jaypee Brothers Publishers; 2011:877. https://books.google.com/books?id=5jynsUAXg-ECpgis=1. Accessed February 22, 2015. 6. Mittal S. Classification of glaucomas. In: Garg A, ed. Mastering the Tech. of Glaucoma Diag. Management. Jaypee Brothers Publishers; 2006:556. https://books.google.com/books?id=CA6kwpx9A9YCpgis=1. 7. Lee JY, Kim YY, Jung HR. Distribution and characteristics of peripheral anterior synechiae in primary angle-closure glaucoma. Korean J Ophthalmol. 2006;20(2):104-108. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=2908823tool=pmcentrezrendertype=abstract. Accessed February 22, 2015. 8. Salmon J. Chapter 13: Gonioscopy. Section 3: Diagnosis of Glaucoma. In: Sharaway T, ed. Glaucoma: Medical Diagnosis and Therapy. Elsevier Health Sciences; 2009:668. https://books.google.com/books?id=-1wtvjCY6dcCpgis=1. 9. Saw SM, Gazzard G, Friedman DS. Interventions for angle-closure glaucoma CRD summary Authors ’ objectives. Database Abstr Rev Eff Qual Rev. 2003:2-5. 10. See JLS, Aquino MCD, Aduan J, Chew PTK. Management of angle closure glaucoma. Indian J Ophthalmol. 2011;59 Suppl:S82-S87. doi:10.4103/0301-4738.73690. 11. Yu A W-LU. [Mechanisms , clinical profile and role of prostaglandin and prostamide analogues in antiglaucomatous therapy ] Article in German. Kin Monbl Augenheilkd. 2013;230(2):127-132. doi:10.1055/s-0032-1327946. 12. Ishida N, Odani-Kawabata N, Shimazaki A, Hara H. Prostanoids in the therapy of glaucoma. Cardiovasc Drug Rev. 2006;24(1):1-10. doi:10.1111/j.1527-3466.2006.00001.x. 13. Valk R Van Der, Webers CA, Schouten JS, Zeegers MP, Hendrikse F, Prins MH. Intraocular pressure-lowering effects of all commonly used glaucoma drugs: a meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Database Abstr Rev Eff Qual Rev. 2005. doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2005.01.042. 14. Gupta V, Srinivasan G, Sharma A, Kapoor KS, Sihota R. Comparative evaluation of bimatoprost monotherapy in primary chronic angle closure and primary open angle glaucoma eyes: a three-year study. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther Off J Assoc Ocul Pharmacol Ther. 2007;23(4):351-358. doi:10.1089/jop.2006.0107.

The Great Skater :: Personal Narrative Essay

The Great Skater Like any other sport, ice-skating is obliged to creative people who bring something new to it. These people are known to everyone as the inventors of particular jumps, splits, spins. They are given credit for their work and, sometimes, the skating moves they invented carry their names. For instance, the Lutz jump was invented by Alois Lutz before World War II; the Walley jump was attributed to Bruce Mapes who performed with the Ice Follies in the 1930s. With Mabel Fairbanks that was never the case. The spins she invented never have been officially admitted to be exclusively her creation. For me, it was a profound experience to be coached by her, as I was learning not only the art of skating, but also many things that one can learn from a wise person. I treasure her advice very much. Mabel Fairbanks was a brilliant and a hard working skater. The only problem she experienced over and over was the unwillingness of the skating world to admit that she was deeply talented. It was the second quarter of the 20th century, and she was not allowed to perform the major skating movements--the elements she found the most fun to perform. She was black, she was too good, and the other girls in the show wouldn't look as skillful having Mabel performing next to them. In fact, Sonja Heini once refused to allow Mabel to join Sonja's popular skating troupe because Mabel was too gifted. Mabel was restricted in her skating to the simple elements. But, Mabel wouldn't be Mabel if she didn't extricate herself from the restrictions. How? The solution was ingenious: "If they don't let me skate the conventional way, I'll invent something of my own. This way, nobody and nothing can prevent me from skating to my full abilities." Necessity turned out to be the mother of invention. In a short period of time, Mabel, the first black superstar skater in the history of the United States, came up with the new variations of basic spin. They were so gorgeous! She was the star of the shows at British West Indies with the famous Ice Follies, and in Mexico with the Ice Capades. The only sad thing is that the spins she invented have never been called anything more than just spin's variations. If it were for me, I'd call them Fairbanks spins.